Life Processes Class 10 MCQ Set 2 | Transport & Excretion | NCERT JKBOSE CBSE

 

Transport of water and minerals in plants (xylem and phloem), transpiration, translocation, excretion in plants and animals, human excretory system (kidney, nephron, urine formation), hemodialysis.

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📌 Quiz: Biology 10th

📚 Subject: Biology

🏫 Class: Class 10

📖 Chapter: Life Process Set B

📝 Questions: 50

📘 Biology 10th

Biology | Life Process Set B

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Q1. What is the main driving force for the transport of water in plants?

A. Root pressure only

B. Transpiration pull created by loss of water vapor from leaves

C. Diffusion of carbon dioxide into leaves

D. Pumping action of the heart in plants

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Q2. Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?

A. Phloem

B. Xylem

C. Cambium

D. Parenchyma

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Q3. Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant?

A. Xylem

B. Phloem

C. Epidermis

D. Cortex

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Q4. What is the direction of transport in xylem versus phloem?

A. Xylem transports in both directions; phloem transports only upward

B. Xylem transports only upward; phloem transports both upward and downward depending on the needs of the plant

C. Both xylem and phloem transport only downward

D. Xylem transports food; phloem transports water

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Q5. What is transpiration?

A. The absorption of water by roots

B. The loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant, mainly through stomata

C. The transport of food through phloem

D. The process of photosynthesis in leaves

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Q6. How does water enter the root hairs of a plant?

A. By active transport using ATP

B. By osmosis because the concentration of water in soil is higher than inside root hair cells

C. By diffusion of water through the cell wall only

D. By transpiration pull directly

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Q7. What is the role of the endodermis in the transport of water in roots?

A. It stores water for the plant

B. It contains a Casparian strip that forces water and minerals to pass through the cytoplasm of endodermal cells, allowing selective uptake

C. It transports food from roots to leaves

D. It produces root hairs

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Q8. What is translocation in plants?

A. The movement of water through xylem

B. The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis through phloem from source to sink

C. The loss of water vapor from leaves

D. The absorption of minerals by roots

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Q9. What is the pressure flow hypothesis for phloem transport?

A. Water pressure from roots pushes food upward

B. Active loading of sugar into sieve tubes at the source creates high osmotic pressure, drawing water in; this high pressure pushes sap toward the sink, where sugar is unloaded

C. Transpiration pull draws food through phloem

D. Food moves by simple diffusion through phloem

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Q10. What happens to the rate of water transport if a plant is placed in a very humid environment?

A. The rate increases because humidity helps transpiration

B. The rate decreases because transpiration pull is reduced when the air is already saturated with water vapor

C. The rate remains unchanged

D. The plant stops absorbing water completely

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Q11. What is excretion?

A. The process of taking in food and digesting it

B. The removal of metabolic waste products from the body

C. The elimination of undigested food as feces

D. The production of energy from glucose

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Q12. Which is the primary nitrogenous waste product in human beings?

A. Ammonia

B. Uric acid

C. Urea

D. Creatinine

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Q13. How is urine produced in the human body?

A. By the liver filtering toxins from blood

B. By the kidneys through three processes: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

C. By the heart pumping waste into the bladder

D. By the large intestine absorbing water from waste

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Q14. What is glomerular filtration?

A. The active transport of glucose into the blood

B. The passive filtration of blood under pressure in the glomerulus, where water and small solutes pass into Bowman's capsule while blood cells and large proteins remain

C. The reabsorption of water from the collecting duct

D. The secretion of urea into the nephron

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Q15. What is tubular reabsorption?

A. The movement of waste products from blood into the nephron tubule

B. The movement of useful substances from the nephron tubule back into the blood capillaries surrounding the tubule

C. The filtration of blood in the glomerulus

D. The storage of urine in the bladder

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Q16. What is tubular secretion?

A. The filtration of blood in the glomerulus

B. The addition of certain substances from the blood into the nephron tubule to be excreted in urine

C. The reabsorption of water from the collecting duct

D. The release of urine from the bladder

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Q17. What are the main parts of the human excretory system?

A. Liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

B. Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

C. Lungs, skin, and large intestine

D. Heart, arteries, and veins

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Q18. What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

A. Neuron

B. Nephron

C. Alveolus

D. Villus

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Q19. What is the function of the urethra in the human excretory system?

A. To carry urine from the kidney to the bladder

B. To store urine until it is ready to be expelled

C. To carry urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

D. To filter blood and produce urine

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Q20. What is an artificial kidney (hemodialysis)?

A. A surgical procedure to replace a damaged kidney with a donor kidney

B. A machine that performs the function of a natural kidney by filtering waste products and excess water from the blood when kidneys fail

C. A medicine that repairs damaged nephrons

D. A diet that reduces urea production

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Q21. How does hemodialysis work?

A. By surgically implanting a new kidney into the patient

B. By using the principle of diffusion across a semipermeable membrane; blood flows on one side, dialysate on the other, and wastes move down their concentration gradient from blood into dialysate

C. By boiling the blood to remove impurities

D. By using a centrifuge to separate wastes from blood

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Q22. Why is a patient with kidney failure put on hemodialysis?

A. To permanently cure kidney disease

B. To artificially remove nitrogenous wastes, excess water, and maintain electrolyte balance when the natural kidneys can no longer function

C. To increase the production of red blood cells

D. To digest food more efficiently

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Q23. What are the main waste products excreted by plants?

A. Urea, uric acid, and ammonia

B. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and some organic compounds like tannins, resins, gums, and alkaloids

C. Only carbon dioxide and water

D. Feces and undigested food

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Q24. How do plants excrete carbon dioxide?

A. Through roots

B. Through stomata during respiration

C. Through the bark only

D. By converting it into oxygen

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Q25. What happens to waste products like tannins, resins, and gums in plants?

A. They are excreted through urine-like fluid

B. They are stored in old leaves, bark, fruits, or seeds, and are removed when these parts fall off or are shed

C. They are converted back into glucose

D. They are excreted through stomata

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Q26. What is the role of the ureter in the human excretory system?

A. To store urine temporarily

B. To carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder by peristaltic contractions

C. To filter blood

D. To carry urine from the bladder to the outside

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Q27. Why does the composition of urine change depending on the body's needs?

A. Because the kidneys can adjust the amount of water reabsorbed and the amount of ions reabsorbed or secreted

B. Because the liver produces different wastes at different times

C. Because the bladder mixes urine with different substances

D. Because the ureters add chemicals to urine

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Q28. What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A. To produce urine

B. To store urine temporarily until it is convenient to expel it

C. To filter urea from blood

D. To reabsorb glucose from urine

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Q29. How do plants excrete excess salts?

A. Through kidneys like animals

B. By storing them in vacuoles of cells, especially in old leaves; some plants secrete salts through salt glands

C. By converting salts into gases

D. By excreting them through stomata as solid crystals

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Q30. What is the difference between excretion in plants and excretion in humans?

A. Plants have kidneys, humans do not

B. Plants do not have specialized excretory organs and often store wastes in vacuoles or shed parts; humans have specialized organs to actively remove wastes from the body

C. Plants excrete only oxygen; humans excrete only urea

D. There is no difference

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Q31. What is heterotrophic nutrition?

A. Making food from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight

B. Obtaining ready-made organic food from other organisms

C. Breaking down dead organic matter outside the body

D. Absorbing nutrients directly through the body surface

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Q32. How does Amoeba obtain its nutrition?

A. By absorbing nutrients through its entire body surface

B. By using pseudopodia to engulf food particles through phagocytosis

C. By using cilia to sweep food into its oral groove

D. By piercing and sucking juices from other organisms

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Q33. Which structure in Amoeba is responsible for digesting the engulfed food?

A. Nucleus

B. Contractile vacuole

C. Food vacuole

D. Pseudopodium

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Q34. How does Paramecium obtain its nutrition?

A. By using pseudopodia like Amoeba

B. By absorbing food through its cell wall

C. By using cilia to sweep food into the oral groove leading to a gullet

D. By producing enzymes outside the body to digest food

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Q35. In both Amoeba and Paramecium, what happens to the undigested food?

A. It is absorbed into the cytoplasm

B. It is used to produce energy

C. It is expelled out of the body by the process of egestion

D. It is stored in the contractile vacuole

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Q36. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in holozoic nutrition as seen in Amoeba?

A. Digestion → Ingestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion

B. Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion

C. Ingestion → Absorption → Digestion → Assimilation → Egestion

D. Absorption → Ingestion → Digestion → Egestion → Assimilation

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Q37. What is the human alimentary canal?

A. A gland that secretes digestive juices

B. A muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus, involved in digestion and absorption

C. The organ responsible for pumping blood

D. The network of nerves controlling digestion

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Q38. Which part of the human alimentary canal is responsible for maximum absorption of digested food?

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Large intestine

D. Esophagus

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Q39. What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?

A. To secrete digestive enzymes

B. To increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

C. To kill harmful bacteria

D. To push food forward by peristalsis

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Q40. What is dental caries?

A. Inflammation of the gums

B. Permanent damage to the enamel of the tooth, leading to cavities

C. Yellowing of teeth due to aging

D. Growth of an extra set of teeth

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Q41. Which of the following is the main cause of dental caries?

A. Eating too many proteins

B. Lack of saliva production

C. Bacteria in the mouth converting sugars into acids that demineralize enamel

D. Drinking too much water

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Q42. How can dental caries be prevented?

A. By eating more sweets and chocolates

B. By brushing teeth regularly with fluoride toothpaste and avoiding frequent sugar intake

C. By not using dental floss

D. By drinking acidic drinks frequently

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Q43. What is respiration?

A. Only the process of breathing in and out

B. The breakdown of glucose inside living cells to release energy, with or without oxygen

C. The process of photosynthesis in plants

D. The transport of oxygen by blood

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Q44. What are the different pathways for the breakdown of glucose?

A. Only one pathway that always uses oxygen

B. Two pathways: only aerobic and only anaerobic

C. Three main pathways: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration in muscles, and anaerobic respiration in yeast

D. Only the pathway that produces carbon dioxide and water

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Q45. What happens to glucose during aerobic respiration?

A. It is broken down completely into carbon dioxide and water, releasing a large amount of energy

B. It is broken down into lactic acid and energy

C. It is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide

D. It is converted directly into ATP without any byproducts

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Q46. What happens to glucose during anaerobic respiration in human muscles?

A. It is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water

B. It is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide

C. It is broken down into lactic acid and a small amount of energy

D. It is stored as glycogen without any breakdown

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Q47. What happens to glucose during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A. It is broken down into lactic acid

B. It is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing a small amount of energy

C. It is completely broken down into water only

D. It is converted into starch for storage

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Q48. What is ATP?

A. A waste product of respiration

B. Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell

C. A type of digestive enzyme

D. A pigment found in chloroplasts

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Q49. What does the symbol ADP represent?

A. Adenosine diphosphate, a molecule with two phosphate groups

B. A type of vitamin

C. Adenosine triphosphate with three phosphates

D. A digestive hormone

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Q50. What does the symbol Pi represent in the equation ADP + Pi ⇌ ATP?

A. Phosphorus ion

B. Inorganic phosphate

C. Protein inhibitor

D. Pyruvate intermediate

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